Regular screenings and tests are essential to maintaining heart health, particularly if you have any risk factors for heart disease or a family history of premature heart disease. These tests can detect early signs of cardiovascular issues, allowing timely interventions and preventive care.
Key Heart Health Tests and Screenings
- Blood Pressure Measurement: High blood pressure significantly contributes to heart disease and stroke risk. By checking blood pressure regularly, you can better manage and reduce your risks. For most adults, an ideal reading is around 120/80 mm Hg.
- Cholesterol Panel: A cholesterol panel provides important measurements of total cholesterol, LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, HDL (“good”) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Lp(a) is a cholesterol particle and high levels are associated with increased risk of plaque buildup in arteries leading to heart attacks and strokes. High Lp(a) values may be hereditary. It is important to measure it in patients with a personal or family history of premature coronary artery disease or stroke. Each value helps doctors evaluate plaque buildup risks, which can increase the likelihood of heart disease. Talk to your doctor about what the right targets are for you for LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): An ECG records the heart’s electrical activity, helping detect irregular heart rhythms, muscle damage, or signs of a heart attack. Many doctors use ECGs to assess overall heart function, especially in patients with risk factors.
- Echocardiogram: This ultrasound imaging test provides details on the heart’s size, structure, and function. It helps identify heart muscle damage, valve problems, and other abnormalities that could impact heart performance.
- Stress Test (Exercise or Pharmacological): A stress test measures heart function during physical exertion. For those unable to exercise, doctors use medication to simulate the effects of physical activity. These tests are crucial for detecting blood flow issues to the heart under stress.
- Coronary Calcium Score (CT Scan): This scan measures calcium deposits in the coronary arteries, which indicate plaque buildup. A high calcium score may signal an increased risk for future heart attacks.
Additional Blood Tests and Imaging Screenings
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test: High CRP levels can reveal inflammation, which is associated with a higher risk of heart disease. Doctors often use this blood test alongside other screenings to offer a comprehensive risk assessment.
- Blood Glucose Test (Fasting or HbA1c): Since elevated blood sugar or diabetes is a major heart disease risk factor, a blood glucose test or HbA1c test provides insights into blood sugar control over time.
- Carotid Ultrasound: This test assesses the carotid arteries for narrowing or plaque buildup, which increases stroke risk. Early detection is essential for protecting both heart and brain health.
- BNP Test (B-type Natriuretic Peptide): Higher-than-normal BNP levels in the blood can indicate heart failure. This test is helpful if you’re experiencing symptoms like shortness of breath or fatigue.
- Angiography: In high-risk cases, angiography offers a detailed image of the coronary arteries to assess blood flow and detect any blockages. It’s frequently used if other tests indicate a need for a deeper heart assessment. Angiography can be done invasively via catheters or non-invasively via a CT coronary angiogram.
Why Regular Screenings Matter for Heart Health
Early detection through these tests allows for lifestyle changes, medication if necessary, and closer management with healthcare providers to prevent development of heart disease. Regular check-ups will greatly support your heart health over the long term. Taking proactive steps early can significantly reduce your risks and improve your quality of life.
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This article was sponsored by Novo Nordisk Canada. All content is created independently by My Heart – What To Know with no influence from Novo Nordisk.